Simple temporal
clauses use conjunctions like ‘ubi’ (when), ‘postquam’ (after, when) or ‘dum’
(while). These are followed by verbs in the indicative.
ubi hoc fecisti, abire potes
When you have done this, you can leave.
Some temporal conjunctions (especially cum and dum) are
followed by verbs in the subjunctive. Particular ones to look out for are
cum + pluperfect subjunctive = when
The meaning isn't modified because the verb is subjunctive.
cum coniurati Caesarem necavissent, Antonius commotus erat.
When the conspirators had murdered Caesar,
cum + perfect subjunctive
Can mean since.
cum haec dixeris, ego iratissimus sum
I am very angry since you have said these things.
cum + imperfect subjunctive
Can mean although.
cum exercitum magnum ducebat, Pompeius a Caesare victus est.
Although he was leading a large army, Pompey was defeated by
Caesar.
dum + imperfect subjunctive
Can mean for as long as.
dum haec dicerem, omnes tacebant
They were all silent for as long as I was saying these
things.
This page was written by Nick Brown